public String toString(){
return "{a:"+ a + ", b:" + b + ", c: " + c +"}";
}public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);
return sb.append("{a:").append(a)
.append(", b:").append(b)
.append(", c:").append(c)
.append("}")
.toString();
}版本 1 是更可取的，因为它更短， 并且编译器实际上会将其转换为版本 2-无任何性能差异。
更重要的是，鉴于我们只有 3 个属性，这可能没有什么不同，但是您什么时候从 concat 切换到 builder？
在循环中进行连接的那一刻 - 通常是编译器无法StringBuilder替代StringBuilder 。
...
String result = "";
for (String s : hugeArray) {
result = result + s;
}...
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (String s : hugeArray) {
sb.append(s);
}
String result = sb.toString();String.format( "{a: %s, b: %s, c: %s}", a, b, c );public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
slow();
System.out.println("slow elapsed " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + " ms");
now = System.currentTimeMillis();
fast();
System.out.println("fast elapsed " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) + " ms");
}
private static void fast()
{
StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++)
s.append("*");
}
private static void slow()
{
String s = "";
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++)
s+="*";
}
}slow elapsed 11741 ms
fast elapsed 7 ms/**
*
* @author Perilbrain
*/
public class Appc {
public Appc() {
String x = "no name";
x += "I have Added a name" + "We May need few more names" + Appc.this;
x.concat(x);
// x+=x.toString(); --It creates new StringBuilder object before concatenation so avoid if possible
//System.out.println(x);
}
public void Sb() {
StringBuilder sbb = new StringBuilder("no name");
sbb.append("I have Added a name");
sbb.append("We May need few more names");
sbb.append(Appc.this);
sbb.append(sbb.toString());
// System.out.println(sbb.toString());
}
}.method public <init>()V //public Appc()
.limit stack 2
.limit locals 2
met001_begin: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot000i
.line 12
aload_0 ; met001_slot000
invokespecial java/lang/Object.<init>()V
.line 13
ldc "no name"
astore_1 ; met001_slot001
.line 14
met001_7: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot001i
new java/lang/StringBuilder //1st object of SB
dup
invokespecial java/lang/StringBuilder.<init>()V
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
ldc "I have Added a nameWe May need few more names"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
aload_0 ; met001_slot000
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.toString()Ljava/lang/String;
astore_1 ; met001_slot001
.line 15
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
aload_1 ; met001_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/String.concat(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Strin\
g;
pop
.line 18
return //no more SB created
met001_end: ; DATA XREF: met001_slot000i ...
; ===========================================================================
;met001_slot000 ; DATA XREF: <init>r ...
.var 0 is this LAppc; from met001_begin to met001_end
;met001_slot001 ; DATA XREF: <init>+6w ...
.var 1 is x Ljava/lang/String; from met001_7 to met001_end
.end method
;44-1=44
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Segment type: Pure code
.method public Sb()V //public void Sb
.limit stack 3
.limit locals 2
met002_begin: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot000i
.line 21
new java/lang/StringBuilder
dup
ldc "no name"
invokespecial java/lang/StringBuilder.<init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
astore_1 ; met002_slot001
.line 22
met002_10: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot001i
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
ldc "I have Added a name"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 23
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
ldc "We May need few more names"
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 24
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
aload_0 ; met002_slot000
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 25
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
aload_1 ; met002_slot001
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.toString()Ljava/lang/String;
invokevirtual java/lang/StringBuilder.append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lan\
g/StringBuilder;
pop
.line 28
return
met002_end: ; DATA XREF: met002_slot000i ...
;met002_slot000 ; DATA XREF: Sb+25r
.var 0 is this LAppc; from met002_begin to met002_end
;met002_slot001 ; DATA XREF: Sb+9w ...
.var 1 is sbb Ljava/lang/StringBuilder; from met002_10 to met002_end
.end method
;96-49=48
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------从 Java 1.5 开始，使用 “+” 和 StringBuilder.append（）进行简单的一行连接即可生成完全相同的字节码。
因此，出于代码可读性考虑，请使用 “+”。
2 个例外：
public String myCatPlus(String[] vals) {
String result = "";
for (String val : vals) {
result = result + val;
}
return result;
}12: iload 5
14: iload 4
16: if_icmpge 51
19: aload_3
20: iload 5
22: aaload
23: astore 6
25: new #3 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
28: dup
29: invokespecial #4 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
32: aload_2
33: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
36: aload 6
38: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
41: invokevirtual #6 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
44: astore_2
45: iinc 5, 1
48: goto 12public String myCatSb(String[] vals) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for(String val : vals) {
sb.append(val);
}
return sb.toString();
}17: iload 5
19: iload 4
21: if_icmpge 43
24: aload_3
25: iload 5
27: aaload
28: astore 6
30: aload_2
31: aload 6
33: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
36: pop
37: iinc 5, 1
40: goto 17
43: aload_2在 Java 9 中，版本 1 应该更快，因为它已转换为invokedynamic调用。可以在JEP-280 中找到更多详细信息：
这个想法是用对 java.lang.invoke.StringConcatFactory 的简单 invokedynamic 调用来替换整个 StringBuilder 追加操作，该调用将接受需要连接的值。
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// warming up
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(1024);
final StringBuilder appender = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
appender.append(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(i));
// testing
for(int i = 1; i <= 10000; i*=10)
test(i);
}
public static void test(final int howMany)
{
List<String> samples = new ArrayList<>(howMany);
for(int i = 0; i < howMany; i++)
samples.add(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphabetic(128));
final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
long start = System.nanoTime();
for(String sample: samples)
builder.append(sample);
builder.toString();
long elapsed = System.nanoTime() - start;
System.out.printf("builder - %d - elapsed: %dus\n", howMany, elapsed / 1000);
String accumulator = "";
start = System.nanoTime();
for(String sample: samples)
accumulator += sample;
elapsed = System.nanoTime() - start;
System.out.printf("concatenation - %d - elapsed: %dus\n", howMany, elapsed / (int) 1e3);
start = System.nanoTime();
String newOne = null;
for(String sample: samples)
newOne = new String(sample);
elapsed = System.nanoTime() - start;
System.out.printf("creation - %d - elapsed: %dus\n\n", howMany, elapsed / 1000);
}builder - 1 - elapsed: 132us
concatenation - 1 - elapsed: 4us
creation - 1 - elapsed: 5us
builder - 10 - elapsed: 9us
concatenation - 10 - elapsed: 26us
creation - 10 - elapsed: 5us
builder - 100 - elapsed: 77us
concatenation - 100 - elapsed: 1669us
creation - 100 - elapsed: 43us
builder - 1000 - elapsed: 511us
concatenation - 1000 - elapsed: 111504us
creation - 1000 - elapsed: 282us
builder - 10000 - elapsed: 3364us
concatenation - 10000 - elapsed: 5709793us
creation - 10000 - elapsed: 972uspublic void toString() {
ToStringBuilder tsb = new ToStringBuilder(this);
tsb.append("a", a);
tsb.append("b", b)
return tsb.toString();
}public void toString() {
return new ToStringBuilder(this).append("a", a).append("b", b").toString();
}public String toString() {
return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this);
}