Toast toast = Toast.makeText(mContext, "Something", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);

java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()
     at android.os.Handler.<init>(Handler.java:121)
     at android.widget.Toast.<init>(Toast.java:68)
     at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:231)

activity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
  public void run() {
    Toast.makeText(activity, "Hello", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
});

// Set this up in the UI thread.

mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message message) {
        // This is where you do your work in the UI thread.
        // Your worker tells you in the message what to do.
    }
};

void workerThread() {
    // And this is how you call it from the worker thread:
    Message message = mHandler.obtainMessage(command, parameter);
    message.sendToTarget();
}

private Observable<PojoObject> getObservableItems() {
    return Observable.create(subscriber -> {

        for (PojoObject pojoObject: pojoObjects) {
            subscriber.onNext(pojoObject);
        }
        subscriber.onCompleted();
    });
}

getObservableItems().
subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()).
observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()).
subscribe(new Observer<PojoObject> () {
    @Override
    public void onCompleted() {
        // Print Toast on completion
    }

    @Override
    public void onError(Throwable e) {}

    @Override
    public void onNext(PojoObject pojoObject) {
        // Show Progress
    }
});
}

Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)  
View.post(Runnable)  
View.postDelayed(Runnable, long)

new Thread()
{
    public void run()
    {
        myactivity.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable()
        {
            public void run()
            {
                //Do your UI operations like dialog opening or Toast here
            }
        });
    }
}.start();

class LooperThread extends Thread {
    public Handler mHandler;

    public void run() {
        Looper.prepare();

        mHandler = new Handler() {
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                // process incoming messages here
            }
        };

        Looper.loop();
    }
}

public void onClick(View v) {
    new CustomTask().execute((Void[])null);
}


private class CustomTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

    protected Void doInBackground(Void... param) {
        //Do some work
        return null;
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(Void param) {
        //Print Toast or open dialog
    }
}

Message msg = new Message();


new Thread()
{
    public void run()
    {
        msg.arg1=1;
        handler.sendMessage(msg);
    }
}.start();



Handler handler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {

    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
        if(msg.arg1==1)
        {
            //Print Toast or open dialog        
        }
        return false;
    }
});

new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Toast toast = Toast.makeText(mContext, "Something", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
    }
});

Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()); 

handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
  @Override
  public void run() {
  // Run your task here
  }
}, 1000 );

private final class UIHandler extends Handler
{
    public static final int DISPLAY_UI_TOAST = 0;
    public static final int DISPLAY_UI_DIALOG = 1;

    public UIHandler(Looper looper)
    {
        super(looper);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg)
    {
        switch(msg.what)
        {
        case UIHandler.DISPLAY_UI_TOAST:
        {
            Context context = getApplicationContext();
            Toast t = Toast.makeText(context, (String)msg.obj, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
            t.show();
        }
        case UIHandler.DISPLAY_UI_DIALOG:
            //TBD
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
}

protected void handleUIRequest(String message)
{
    Message msg = uiHandler.obtainMessage(UIHandler.DISPLAY_UI_TOAST);
    msg.obj = message;
    uiHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}

HandlerThread uiThread = new HandlerThread("UIHandler");
    uiThread.start();
    uiHandler = new UIHandler((HandlerThread) uiThread.getLooper());

runOnUiThread(new Runnable() 
{
   public void run() 
   {
      Toast toast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Something", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    
   }
});

public void somethingHappened(final Context context)
{
    Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    handler.post(
        new Runnable()
        {
            @Override
            public void run()
            {
                Toast.makeText(context, "Something happened.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    );
}

public enum Toaster {
    INSTANCE;

    private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

    public void postMessage(final String message) {
        handler.post(
            new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    Toast.makeText(ApplicationHolder.INSTANCE.getCustomApplication(), message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                        .show();
                }
            }
        );
    }

}

new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Toast(...);
    }
});

runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                Toast.makeText(mContext, "Message", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });